CONDITIONALS 1. What Are Conditionals? A conditional sentence expresses a situation and its result. It usually has: an if-clause (condition) a main clause (result) Structure: If + condition, result. Result if + condition. Example: If it rains, we will stay home. We will stay home if it rains. 2. The Four Main Types of Conditionals A. Zero Conditional (Facts & General Truths) ✔ Use: Scientific facts General truths Things that always happen Instructions ✔ Structure: If + present simple, present simple Examples: If you heat water, it boils. If it rains, the grass gets wet. If you don’t water plants, they die. ✔ Notes (Oxford points): Both clauses use present simple “When” can replace “if” for general truths → When you mix red and blue, you get purple. Used for rules and instructions → If the light turns red, stop. B. First Conditional (Real Future Possibility) ✔ Use: Real or likel...
TONE – POEM & PROSE (10th class chapters from FIRST FLIGHT ) Language and Literature What is Tone? Tone is the attitude or feeling of the speaker/writer towards the subject or audience. It tells us: How the speaker feels What emotion is being expressed Whether the writer is serious, funny, sad, critical, etc. Tone is the writer’s or speaker’s attitude towards: the subject the characters the reader It is understood through: choice of words expressions mood situation Common Types of Tone 1. Positive / Light Tones Optimistic – hopeful, positive Humorous – funny Playful – light-hearted and entertaining Encouraging – supportive,giving confidence Motivational – inspiring action Affectionate – loving and caring Hopeful – full of hope 2. Serious / Deep Tones Philosophical – about deep truths of life Reflective – thoughtful, introspective(introspection) Serious – formal, grave and thoughtful Sympathetic – showing concern Critical – pointing out faults Satirical – cri...